衍射光变图像在钞票和银行卡中的应用

本文概述了DOVID技术在国际钞票和银行卡中的应用现状以及发展趋势,介绍DOVID在人民币和银联标识卡中的应用。     

On the frame bounds of iterated filter banks

We investigate the frame bounds of iterated non-perfect reconstruction filter banks. We provide frame bounds valid for iterated FBs with an arbitrary number of stages using the frame bounds of the underlying frame on the real line. Conversely, given the frame bounds of the iterated FB, we derive bounds for the underlying wavelet frame.     

基于双树复数小波变换和双变量萎缩阈值图像降噪

相对于传统的离散小波变换(DWT)缺点来说,双树复数小波变换(CWT)有很多优点,包括位移不变性、能量守恒和良好的方向性。指出了CWT滤波器组的构造原理和方法,并给出了CWT的滤波器组参数。通过具体公式和图解,说明了如何利用CWT进行图像的分解和重构,在阈值处理上选择改进的双变量萎缩阈值法(BS)。和其它方法的降噪图像和PSNR对比可以看出,该方法能够在降噪过程中很好的保持图像细节,限制了混淆现象。     

Ultrasonic cavitation in thin liquid layers

The generation of ultrasonic cavitation in a thin liquid layer trapped between a large radiating surface and a hard reflector and bounded laterally by a gas–liquid interface is investigated. The theoretical analysis predicts that a large amplification of the acoustical pressure is obtained with this configuration. Experiments are conducted by driving the layer with horn-type transducers having a large emitting surface. Ultrasonic cavitation is obtained in a broad frequency range at low input intensity due to the amplification effect. Erosion tests on metallic foils demonstrate the existence of a region of intense cavitation activity which can be localised by controlling the input intensity.     

Modelling the trade‐offs between farm income and the reduction of erosion and nitrate pollution

Water is a very limited resource in Tunisia, both in quantity and in quality. Problems of quality are related to urban, industrial and agricultural activity. Erosion is causing dams to silt up and is leading to phosphorus accumulation in water. The use of agrochemicals, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, is causing problems of eutrophication. This paper presents the results of a study of sediment and nitrate pollution. The methodology used is based on the EPIC simulation model and a multiobjective programming model (MOPM). The data generated by EPIC are input for the MOPM together with the economic variables. These tools are applied to a 486 ha farm located in northern Tunisia which includes an irrigated area of 300 ha. The study considers three objectives: maximization of gross margin, minimization of erosion, and minimization of nitrate losses. The noninferior set estimation method is implemented to generate the tradeoff curves between the objectives. Results show that nitrate losses are important for both rainfed and irrigated land. The same conclusion is valid for erosion. It is shown that the farmer can reduce the environmental burden without decreasing gross margin, since he is operating below the efficiency curve.     

Analytical solutions to mathematical models of the surface and bulk erosion of solid polymers

The process by which polymeric materials hydrolyze and disappear into their environments is often called erosion. Two types of erosion have been defined according to how the hydrolysis takes place. If hydrolysis occurs throughout the entire specimen at the same time, it is called bulk erosion. If the hydrolysis is mainly confined to a region near the surface of the specimen and the surface continuously degrades by moving inward, it is termed surface erosion. In this article, a kinetic relationship for bulk erosion is developed. This relationship provides a method for estimating the hydrolysis kinetic constants for bulk‐eroding polymers. This same relationship is also applicable to surface erosion at a microscopic level. Through its combination with a diffusion–reaction equation and the provision of moving boundary conditions, an analytical solution to the steady‐state surface‐erosion problem is obtained. The erosion rate, erosion front width, and induction time can all be expressed as simple functions of the rate of polymer bond hydrolysis, water diffusivity, and solubility, plus other parameters that can be experimentally determined. The erosion front width is the product of the induction time and the erosion rate. The ratio of the erosion front width to the polymer specimen thickness is a parameter that determines whether the specimen undergoes surface or bulk erosion. Theoretical results are compared with experimental observations from the literature, and agreement is found. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 383–397, 2005     

A physical,mechanistic and fully coupled hillslope hydrology model

We present the mathematical development and numerical solution of a new model of flow processes on an infiltrating hillslope. We also present validation and sample applications. The model is a distributed, mechanistic, physically based hillslope hydrologic model. The model describes the small‐scale processes associated with overland flow, erosion, and sediment transport on an infiltrating surface and is capable of capturing small‐scale variations in flow depth, flow velocities, interactive infiltration, erosion rates, and sediment transport. The model couples the fully two‐dimensional hydrodynamic equations for overland flow, the one‐dimensional Richards equation for infiltration, and a sediment detachment and transport model. Two simulations are presented highlighting the model's ability to capture and describe the interaction between precipitation, overland flow, erosion and infiltration at very small scales. Results of the two‐dimensional simulations indicate the system of equations produces hillslopes possessing characteristics of self‐organization as observed in real world systems. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Bases for predicting gas-particle flows with particular reference to turbomachinery

Advances in the understanding of particle dynamics and their trajectories and the resultant erosion of solid surfaces are reviewed. Particular attention is given to the calculation procedures used in the analysis of gas-particle flows, always with the intention of application to turbo-machines. One, two and three-dimensional analyses are considered and the limitations of each are discussed. As in the analysis of a real fluid flows, resort is made to empirical correlations of many phenomena and, even then, the predictions of particle trajectories are restricted. The correlation and restrictions are discussed where appropriate.     

高岭土填充改性超高分子量聚乙烯的浆体冲蚀磨损特性

分别采用机械混合和釜内聚合方法在UHMWPE基体上填充高岭土,制得两类UHMWPE／Kaolin复合材料,考察了两类UHMWPE／Kaolin复合材料的浆体冲蚀磨损特性及其与冲击速度和高岭土含量之间的关系,通过对磨损表面形貌的观察分析,探讨了UHMWPE／Kaolin复合材料的磨损机理。结果表明,采用聚合方法制备的含高岭土约6．6％（质量分数）UHMWPE／Kaolin复合材料的浆体冲蚀磨损性能优于UHMWPE,是一种有应用前景的复合材料。     

对照中药材红外光谱数据库的研制与应用

在选定的化学处理条件下 ,测定了对照中药材的红外光谱。采用现代电子科学技术 ,建立了对照中药材红外光谱数据库 ,应用于中药材的品种鉴别。该数据库对照中药材样品具有各自比较鲜明的红外光谱指纹特征 ,可以通过拉丁学名进行检索 ,快速鉴别中药材以及区分中药材真伪品 ,为中药材鉴定技术标准化、规范化探索了一条新途径